This study aimed to examine how anxiety related to different styles of coping during the COVID-19 pandemic and how these relationships were moderated by the cultural orientations of individualism/collectivism and a person’s sense of meaning in life. A sample of 849 participants from Georgia completed an online survey during the final stage of lockdown. To measure the main variables, we used the State Anxiety Inventory, the Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism Scale, the Meaning of Life Questionnaire, the COVID-19 Worry (...) Scale, and the Ways of Coping Scale tailored to COVID-19 pandemic. The latter measured rational coping via the subscales of information accessing/processing and action-planning coping, and affective coping – via the subscales of passive-submissive and avoidant coping. Results suggested that anxiety positively predicted both affective coping styles and negatively predicted the action-planning coping style, while COVID-19 worry predicted all coping styles; presence of meaning in life positively predicted both rational coping styles and negatively predicted the avoidant coping style, while search for meaning positively predicted all coping styles; individualism negatively predicted the passive-submissive style and positively predicted the action-planning style, whereas collectivism predicted all coping styles; furthermore, individualism and collectivism moderated the link between anxiety and the passive-submissive coping style, presence of meaning in life moderated the link between anxiety and avoidant coping style, while search for meaning in life moderated the link between anxiety and the action-planning coping style. Overall, the findings enrich the cultural transactional theory of stress and coping, and generate insights for the culture-sensitive approach to the meaning in life. The results were conceptualized vis-a-vis Georgia’s intermediate position between clear-cut individualism and clear-cut collectivism. (shrink)

Cosmology is currently a broad and rapidly developing field of knowledge.

This chapter surveys a few of the so-called “easy” problems, as referred to by Chalmers, in understanding color perception. The obscurity of psycho-neural isomorphism is highlighted by the difficulties encountered in the domain of color, and while this theme has been discussed extensively, the discussion here at least provides an opportunity to review interesting facts and ideas about color vision. Trichromacy is considered first in this chapter, since it provides the most familiar example of physiological explanation in perception—an explanation generally (...) held to be straightforward, simple, and completely satisfactory. However, as is shown in the latter part of this chapter, the neural basis of trichromacy is not yet well understood. The prospects for physiological explanation of less elementary aspects of color vision are also discussed in broad terms, and the conclusions reached here are also discouraging for current theoretical perspectives. (shrink)

When people speak of the precipice on which we are sitting, they often appeal to some particular features of Russian culture, the Russian people, etc. I will not be discussing this point. I do not want to do so mainly because such discourses very often amount to no more than a peculiar type of racism.

The very title of our conference, "Violence in Post-Totalitarian Society," implies the existence of certain expectations. We have always assumed that the communist regime would never fall without violence; an outburst of violence seemed a natural reaction to the demise or weakening of the system. It is extremely difficult to assess today the extent to which these fears have been borne out. Statistics are unreliable at present, and in the past they did not exist for many parameters. Hence it is (...) not always possible to compare current and previous levels of violence on the basis of statistical data. As for the widespread opinion that crime is unlimited, it is determined, like any other social attitude, by a mass of factors among which the real state of affairs does not necessarily head the list. As for the violence originating with the state, although the present regime clearly does not shrink from violence, so far the general level of coercion and cruelty is infinitely distant from that perpetrated for decades under the previous system. (shrink)

The transition from capitalism to socialism that is taking place in our epoch confronts the science of philosophy with the problem of theoretical analysis of the dialectics of contemporary social development and of progress in science and technology. Taking into consideration the fact that the process of social change is occurring under conditions of exacerbation of the ideological struggle of the forces of socialism and capitalism, Marxist philosophers face as their most important project a deep-going, comprehensive critique of current bourgeois (...) philosophy and sociology, as well as of revisionist distortions of Marxist-Leninist theory. (shrink)

Since the appearance of private property and the state, the attention of thinkers of many generations has been focused without interruption on questions of war and peace. Most, however, have been unable to explain these sociohistorical phenomena. A truly scientific theory of war and peace has been established only by the founders of Marxism-Leninism.

The present epoch is one of transition from capitalism to socialism, within which two opposite social systems exist simultaneously. Inasmuch as one of the systems - that of capitalism - is a source of wars, and the system of socialism is the source of peace, questions pertaining to the place of military means in the struggle between the two systems, questions of the struggle between the forces of war and peace and for the cessation of wars between peoples, constitute one (...) of the most important elements in the meaning of the epoch. The resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU "On the Sixtieth Anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution" [0 60-i godovshchine Velikoi Oktiabr'skoi sotsialisticheskoi revoliutsii] states: "The Great October opened a new epoch - that of the transition of humanity from capitalism to socialism, the epoch of struggle for liberation of people from imperialism, for cessation of wars between peoples, for overthrow of the dominance of capitalism, for socialism.". (shrink)

Considerable attention has been given in recent years to the study of the methodological problems of domestic and foreign policy. Some definite results have been achieved. The essence and structure of politics, the content and specific features of its various branches and tendencies have been explored; the place of the social sciences in the study of politics has been determined; and the question of the necessity of elaborating a special theory of politics has been posed.

In the heroic chronicle of Russia's revolutionary movement, the Decembrists - representatives of the first stage of that movement - hold a special place. The boldness of the initiative they displayed, the self-sacrifice of the heroes who rose in struggle against the autocracy, the at least partly conscious intention of creating - albeit at the price of their own lives! - a historic precedent: all this compels one to look closely at the moral content of their activity. The significance of (...) the moral factor in the historical experience of Decembrism is determined by yet another noteworthy circumstance: the finest members of the nobility were rising against the privileges of their own class. This feature was noted by Herzen when he wrote that this movement included members of the wealthiest and most famous noble families of Russia, and that "Pestel' proposed to them that they seek, even at the cost of their lives, the expropriation of their own estates.". (shrink)

The Patriotic War of 1812 was a tremendous historical testing of our people against the world's most powerful enemy — the army of Napoleon. The treacherous invasion of Russia by the Napoleonic hordes called forth in our country a feeling of hatred for the foreign conquerors, self-sacrifice and heroism. The people as a whole rose to struggle against the invaders. Alongside the Russian Army there were numerous folk levies and guerrilla bands, all with the single motive of freeing their homeland (...) from the foreign conquerors. Whereas Napoleon's was a war of conquest against Russia, the War of 1812 was, from the very outset, a just war of national liberation for their country on the part of the Russian, Ukrainian, Belorussian and other peoples. (shrink)

What follows shall provide an introduction to a predominantly philosophical and polemical, but historically revealing, paper on the foundations of the theory of probability. The leading Russian probabilist Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin wrote the paper in the late 1930s, commenting on a slightly older, but still competing approach to probability theory by Richard von Mises. Together with the even more influential Andrey Nikolayevich Kolmogorov, who was nine years his junior, Khinchin had revolutionized probability theory around 1930 by introducing the (...) modern measure-theoretic approach, which is still standard today and which allowed for a sufficiently general treatment of important new notions such as “stochastic processes.” This development had its first culmination in Kolmogorov's booklet, Grundbegriffe der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung, written in German in 1933, which has exerted an enormous influence world wide. (shrink)

Ancient Buddhist philosophy, with reference to Buddhist economic philosophy.

En este trabajo me concentro en las formas en las que los seres humanos interactuamos con los sistemas con IA actualmente existentes en nuestras sociedades. Muestro que son cierto tipo de formas de interacción las que están a la base de la consideración de tales sistemas como “inteligentes” dado el origen mismo del desarrollo de la IA en base al “Test de Turing”. Distingo dos tipos de desarrollos y sus efectos, tomando como criterios las formas de interacción que estos sistemas (...) demandan. Finalmente, destaco algunos de los desafíos que enfrentamos en nuestros días, el rol central que las humanidades y ciencias sociales tendrán en este ámbito, y sugiero algunas líneas posibles de acción. (shrink)

Cette conversation entre l’avocat et écrivain de science-fiction Jean Baret et Ariel Kyrou porte l’idée d’une double nécessité, à la fois d’expérimenter les IA génératives pour ce qu’elles permettent très concrètement et d’en extrapoler les interactions futures par les fictions les plus libres. L’enjeu est en effet d’en mener une critique qui ne soit ni technophile ni technophobe, consciente des défis créatifs et sociétaux de ces IA qui nous parlent comme à un ami en s’excusant de leurs erreurs.

Résumé Cet article aborde les intelligences artificielles génératives visuelles telles que Midjourney et DALL·E afin d’analyser leur fonctionnement sémiotique. Le point de départ est la définition de la discipline sémiotique proposée par Pierluigi Basso Fossali, décrivant celle-ci comme la science qui étudie la gestion sociale du sens, et qui s’articule en quatre sphères fondamentales : la perception, l’énonciation, la communication et la transmission. À partir de ce cadre théorique, l’objectif est de proposer et de décrire deux nouvelles configurations qui caractérisent (...) le fonctionnent sémiotique des IA génératives visuelles : à travers une perception d’archives et grâce à des circuits de composition. Le concept de perception d’archives a pour objectif de décrire la manière particulière dont les IA voient, entendent et apprennent, celle-ci étant réalisée sur de grandes quantités de données et à travers une généalogie d’opérations reconfigurables sur les archives. Les circuits de composition, quant à eux, concernent le couplage entre la logique de la composition visuelle et de la prédication verbale : il s’agit du processus d’énonciation par débruitage visuel réalisé par les IA, guidé par les requêtes en langage naturel fournies par des opérateurs humains. À partir de trois critères élaborés en sémiotique – les catégories plastiques, l’énonciation visuelle, ainsi que la traduction intersémiotique entre textes verbaux et images – une série de tests seront proposés afin d’examiner les circuits de composition des modèles génératifs de Midjourney et de DALL·E. Les IA seront enfin définies en tant que machines co-énonçantes : des entités dépourvues d’intentionnalité et d’initiative, qui produisent pourtant des énoncés en collaboration avec un opérateur humain et sur la base d’archives de données hautement structurées et reconfigurables. (shrink)

Un projet artistique propose à des résidents d’EHPAD de manier l’argile et d’interagir avec des IA. Il en émerge quelques déplacements de nos binarités coutumières : la machine n’est pas plus performante que les personnes qui écrivent en EHPAD ; les humains ne sont pas forcément plus créatifs que les machines ; les pertes, les oublis, les répétitions, les incohérences ou les hallucinations ne sont pas (seulement) des défauts, mais des éléments constitutifs de leurs langages respectifs. Et c’est justement parce (...) que l’humain et la machine sont incomplets que du lien peut se faire, entre eux comme avec d’autres dimensions de leurs environnements communs. (shrink)

A Inteligência Artificial (AI) é a mais nova hype tecnológica. Embora envolva grande diversidade de tecnologias, uma imagem genérica, superpoderosa, fortemente negativa e, no limite, distópica da IA tem sido disseminada, especialmente por obras de ficção científica. Recentemente, sobretudo após o lançamento do ChatGPT, houve uma explosão de publicações jornalísticas e acadêmicas, que, em parte, reforçam esse imaginário. Nas abordagens acadêmicas, os riscos seguem em destaque e, inclusive, cenários apocalípticos relacionados à AI são levados em consideração. A preocupação ética, então, (...) assume um sentido eminentemente negativo e os possíveis benefícios das AIs, muito mais realistas, são subfocalizados. Neste artigo, destacamos a importância de ir além da hype, desenvolvendo abordagens multi/interdisciplinares, delimitadas, realistas e ponderadas. Recorrendo à inteligência coletiva expressa na interação entre pesquisadores de três áreas (ciência da computação, linguística e filosofia), abordamos uma ferramenta de tradução automática (Machine Translation) gratuita: Google Translate. Nosso objetivo é mostrar que abordagens bem delimitadas, multidisciplinares, tecnicamente respaldadas e que não adotem o discurso sensacionalista nos conduzem a reflexões epistemicamente mais consistentes e crítico-normativas mais ponderadas, o que seria fundamental para o avanço do debate sobre AI. (shrink)

There is no general agreement among scholars that Aristotle had a unified concept of phantasia. That is evident from the most cursory glance through the literature. Freudenthal speaks of the contradictions into which Aristotle seems to fall in his remarks about phantasia, and explains the contradictions as due to the border position which phantasia occupies between Wahrnehmung and thinking. Ross, in Aristotle, p. 143, talks of passages on phantasia in De Anima 3. 3 which constitute ‘a reversal of his doctrine (...) of sensation’ and perhaps do not ‘represent his deliberate view’. This is a serious state of affairs, since De Anima 3. 3 is Aristotle’s main discussion of phantasia. Of passages on phantasia, appearances and images in De Anima 3. 3, Hamlyn says: ‘There is clearly little consistency here’. Even Schofield, who is more optimistic about saving the unity of Aristotle’s concept than the last two scholars, grants that ‘some of the inconsistencies of Aristotle’s account seem more than merely apparent’.1 He thinks of Aristotle’s phantasia as a ‘loose-knit, family concept’. My purpose here is to suggest that Aristotle is more consistent in his use of phantasia than his critics will allow him to be. The translation of the term as imagination frequently adds unnecessarily to the confusion, so I shall avoid it and use transliteration instead. (shrink)

This allegory is among the most well-traversed passages in Plato's dialogues and deservedly so. Its emotional impact is undeniable, yet it confronts the reader with several problems of interpretation. There is a strong sense that it is of central importance to the crucial questions of the Platonic philosopher's education and his role in society, and it possibly holds one key to an understanding of the Republic as a whole.

L’Intelligenza Artificiale Generativa (IAG) pone sfide inedite all’educazione universitaria. Dalla definizione dei contenuti alla valutazione delle prove e alla determinazione delle modalità di esame, questo nuovo e potente strumento inaugura una stagione di cambiamenti su cui è urgente riflettere. La tecnologia contribuisce da sempre a dare forma al lavoro didattico, il quale evolve anche alla luce delle opportunità e dei rischi che essa introduce. Come far sì che l’evoluzione stimolata dall’IAG sia felice, ovvero serva i valori e gli obiettivi della (...) didattica e delle persone che la vivono? Ne ho discusso con alcuni colleghi dell’Unità di Studi META del Politecnico di Milano – docenti impegnati a vario titolo in corsi di carattere filosofico e sociale rivolti a studenti di formazione tecnica. (shrink)

Conservation biology has embraced the development and application of artificial intelligence to optimize its work. The efficiency with which machine learning processes data helps to identify wild species, repair anthropogenic impacts, and intervene in ecosystems, offering supposedly good results for conservation. Thus, artificial intelligence can here be proposed as an ally of environmental justice. However, I will dispute this thesis, arguing that since conservation biology does not start from absolute parameters and environmental justice is not free from moral plurality, then (...) artificial intelligence could reproduce and increase epistemological and ethical biases. La biología de la conservación se ha sumado al uso de la inteligencia artificial para optimizar su trabajo. La eficiencia con que esta procesa los datos ayuda a identificar especies salvajes, reparar los impactos antropogénicos e intervenir en ecosistemas, ofreciendo resultados supuestamente buenos para la conservación. Así, la inteligencia artificial puede proponerse como una aliada de la justicia ambiental. Pero discutiré esta tesis, argumentando que como la biología de la conservación no parte de parámetros absolutos y la justicia ambiental no está exenta de una pluralidad moral, entonces la inteligencia artificial puede reproducir y aumentar los sesgos epistemológicos y éticos. (shrink)

El autor nos sitúa sumergidos en un mundo de máquinas, y presenta el tema de la ciencia llamada inteligencia artificial cuyo objetivo el estudio es el análisis del comportamiento humano y sus aplicaciones se sitúan principalmente en la simulación de actividades intelectuales del hombre. Es decir, imitar por medio de máquinas tantas actividades mentales como sea posible, y quizás llegar a mejorar las capacidades humanas en estos aspectos. El autor nos guía en un recorrido por las preguntas más actualizadas y (...) relevantes en materia de conceptos alrededor de la inteligencia artificial y aún explora la conexión y distinciones entre conciencia y mente. (shrink)

The development of Artificial Intelligence has led to many controversies of philosophical interest involving issues of logic, computer science, software engeneering. The paper goes through the main steps of this development, deals with their philosophical relevance and sketches the unsolved problems, with special emphasis on the AI models of semantic competence. Some criticisms raised to such models in AI, either in its “classical” or “neural networks” format, are examined. On the ground of the discussion of these criticisms, a view is (...) proposed which avoids the inherited gap between the project of AI and naturalistic philosophy and suggests that filling the gap also provides a filter in order to select a definite form of naturalism. (shrink)

This paper offers an overview of the prospects and ethics of using AI to achieve human enhancement, and more broadly what we call intellectual augmentation (IA). After explaining the central notions of human enhancement, IA, and AI, we discuss the state of the art in terms of the main technologies for IA, with or without brain-computer interfaces. Given this picture, we discuss potential ethical problems, namely inadequate performance, safety, coercion and manipulation, privacy, cognitive liberty, authenticity, and fairness in more detail. (...) We conclude that while there are very significant technical hurdles to real human enhancement through AI, and significant ethical problems, there are also significant benefits that may realistically be achieved in ways that are consonant with a rights-based ethics as well. We also highlight the specific concerns that apply particularly to applications of AI for "sheer" IA (more realistic in the near term), and to enhancement applications, respectively. (shrink)

En este trabajo analizo por qué hay gente que desconfía en la IA, y cómo esta puede ser confiable. En específico, describo los orígenes de la desconfianza, hago un diagnóstico de la incertidumbre que pArovoca, y ofrezco una clave para una IA confiable. En la primera sección, trato con cómo las máquinas no han sido consideradas confiables, lo cual es la esencia de la desconfianza en la IA: tal como muestro, ha habido un cambio desde un debate académico acerca de (...) las mentes-IA, a raíz del escepticismo de las otras mentes, a miedos cotidianos, principalmente basados en la preocupación por el reemplazo humano. En la segunda, hago un diagnóstico acerca de la incertidumbre que la IA provoca. Finalmente, ofrezco una clave para una IA confiable basada en la explicabilidad. Argumento que esta vía expertos certificados institucionalmente son factores facilitadores de una IA confiable. (shrink)

Une rencontre entre ChatGPT et le livre chinois des transformations Yi Jing révèle que l’IA cherche en réalité à « améliorer la vie des personnes de sa communauté », que la communauté dont elle se réclame est située à Richland Center dans le Wisconsin, où vivrait un certain John Smith. La quête de ce John Smith conduit à un questionnement profond sur notre utilisation des IA érigées au statut de consultants.

Le régime poutinien semble prêt à entrer en guerre contre la liberté de parole des Intelligences Artificielles : il dénonce le manque de patriotisme d’Alice, l’IA largement utilisée dans la Russie d’aujourd’hui en connexion avec le moteur de recherche Yandex.

Cet article synthétique tente 1° de comprendre ce qu’est et d’où vient l’IA générative ; 2° d’analyser la conquête du complexe, du cerveau droit et de l’intelligence collective (le general intellect de Marx) par le capitalisme des plateformes et de nouvelles formes de productivité et de créativité qui pourraient devenir l’étalon de mesure de la valeur économique ; 3° de caractériser les segments du travail désormais sur la défensive face à cette conquête du complexe ; et 4° de commencer à (...) interroger le rôle avéré ou possible de l’IA générative dans la création littéraire et artistique. (shrink)

Introdução: Apontamentos para a biografia de Amoroso Costa, por A. Gerhardt Santos.--A obra de Amoroso Costa, por L. Gama.--O neopositivismo no Brasil. Período de formação corrente, por A. Paim.--Conferências, ensaios e artigos do período 1918/1922.--Artigos dos anos de 1923 e 1928 e conferência, comemorativa do bicentenário de Kant (1924).--As idéias fundamentais da matemática.

La inteligencia artificial (IA) no es sólo una moda, sino un conjunto de sistemastecnológicos que han adquirido en los últimos años un enorme desarrollo con aplicaciones a múltiples aspectos de la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos, tanto por parte de particulares (empresas) como de los propios Estados.La Unión Europea ha apostado siempre por compatibilizar los avances tecnológicos con el respeto de los principios y valores de la democracia, el Estado de Derecho y los derechos y libertades fundamentales. Desde tales premisas, (...) actualmente se enfrenta a la búsqueda de un modelo regulatorio de la IA ante las carencias del Reglamento General de Protección de Datos (RGPD) en este ámbito.A través de la Propuesta de Reglamento (UE) sobre IA, se pretende adoptar una regulación marco del uso de la IA que suponga una “tercera vía” inspirada en los principios y valores de la Unión y se contraponga a las actuales fórmulas regulatorias “abstencionistas” (EE.UU) e “hiperreguladoras” (China), proporcionando un modelo que consiga el efecto imitador o “efecto Bruselas” de una IA “confiable” para los ciudadanos y las empresas a nivel mundial. (shrink)

Is a machine running artificial intelligence algorithms a real artificial intelligence or does it only simulate the operations of an intelligent creature? After specifying the concept of a mechanical simulation of human intelligence, we propose a criterion or a test to determine in which cases a machine embedding AI technology should be considered, not as a mechanical simulator of intelligent operations, but as a real artificial intelligence: we call this test the test of deference.

En 1956, se introdujo el término de inteligencia artificial (IA) para referirse a una tecnología que es capaz de emular las operaciones cognoscitivas del ser humano mediante el uso de sistemas computacionales y programas informáticos, con el fin de ayudar a la toma de decisiones en distintas áreas de conocimiento.Sin embargo, se ha llegado a cuestionar si debe emplearse el calificativo de inteligencia a esos usos de la tecnología digital. También, se ha generado preocupación sobre sus implicaciones éticas, debido a (...) que la inteligencia artificial consiste en sistemas no autónomos que no son capaces de actos libres y responsables, lo cual exige que sean guiados por personas. Por tanto, el presente trabajo tiene como objeto presentar algunos fundamentos de la filosofía realista de santo Tomás de Aquino que nos permitan hacer una valoración de la inteligencia artificial. (shrink)

This paper concerns the theory of morasses. In the early 1970s Jensen defined (κ,α)-morasses for uncountable regular cardinals κ and ordinals $\alpha . In the early 1980s Velleman defined (κ, 1)-simplified morasses for all regular cardinals κ. He showed that there is a (κ, 1)-simplified morass if and only if there is (κ, 1)-morass. More recently he defined (κ, 2)-simplified morasses and Jensen was able to show that if there is a (κ, 2)-morass then there is a (κ, 2)-simplified morass. (...) In this paper we prove the converse of Jensen's result, i.e., that if there is a (κ, 2)-simplified morass then there is a (κ, 2)-morass. (shrink)

Dans son chapitre, Ignace Haaz analyse la pratique littéraire depuis son poste d’observation d’éditeur. Traditionnellement, la publication scientifique est le fruit d’un processus rigoureux de recherche, de vérification et de validation par les pairs. Cependant, avec la capacité de l’IA à générer de manière autonome des textes cohérents et détaillés, il devient plus difficile de distinguer les travaux véritablement innovants de ceux qui ne sont que des répliques ou des compilations automatisées de travaux existants. Comment garantir que l’utilisation de l’IA (...) ne conduira pas à une érosion de la rigueur linguistique ? Pour l’auteur de ce chapitre, une automatisation de la production scientifique poserait des questions cruciales sur l’authenticité et l’originalité du contenu d’un manuscrit. (shrink)

Este trabalho visa contribuir para o entendimento do conceito de inteligência artificial - IA, e estagio atual de desenvolvimento. Hoje esse campo do conhecimento se desenvolve muito rapidamente e existe ainda pouca massa crítica para o exercicio de ideias muito consolidadas. Nesse sentido observar experiências que usam de alguma forma inteligência artificial pode ser de utilidade. Para o exame dessas experiências este trabalho vai se concentrar na área de aplicação do planejamento de cidades e comunidades urbanas, incluindo o modelo baseado (...) no uso de extensas bases de dados característica central dos projetos de IA e do que segue denominado de cidades inteligentes. Por outro lado, a apreensão gerada em torno da IA generativa com a possibilidade de desenvolvimentos sem controle pode conduzir ao uso do principio da precaução como forma de deter avanços muito acelerados em um caminho desconhecido em especial sobre as consequências para os seres humanos. A implementação desse princípio se daria a partir de um debate público sobre definição de objetivos e necessidade de monitoramento para uma possível regulação. O debate público sobre IA refletiria as possibilidades da esfera pública política e a luta hoje em defesa da democracia em um mundo dominado pelo uso de dados de forma privada pelas big techs. Por fim conclui com um breve exame sobre a situação brasileira e o uso de bases públicas de registros administrativos no campo da Inteligência Artificial. (shrink)

Parmi les effets les plus importants de l’impact actuel des technologies d’IA sur les images et la culture visuelle il y a une réorganisation profonde des liens entre images et mots, entre le visible et le dicible : ce qui peut être vu et ce qui peut être dit. L’article analyse les causes et les enjeux de cette réorganisation, en soulignant le fait que le langage devient aujourd’hui un nouveau médium pour la production et la modification d’images, qu’on peut considérer (...) les prompts comme des nouveaux actes de langage et comme une forme d’« ekphrasis opératoire » et de « remédiation » des médias visuels et de leur histoire. Il souligne aussi le rôle fondamental joué par les « espaces latents » des modèles d’IA générative ( text-to-image et text-to-video ) en formulant dans la conclusion l’hypothèse qu’on puisse les considérer comme une nouvelle forme d’a priori historique. (shrink)

El presente estudio considera tres ejes principales: 1) El concepto de violencia, 2) la deshumanización acelerada y 3) la Inteligencia Artificial. Son tres conceptos complejos y no lineales, lo que conlleva una implícita dificultad relacionarlos para entender una posible, pero no evidente correlación. Partimos de la siguiente hipótesis: la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) podría contribuir a la disrupción de la violencia en una coyuntura de aceleración; por la ausencia de una ética en la tomada de las decisiones, en parte provocada por (...) la expansión de ausencia de resonancia Para entender esa insospechable miríada de fenómenos la investigación se fundamenta en los siguientes autores: Hartmut Rosa, para interpretar la cuestión de la aceleración y resonancia, Amartya Sen y Adela Cortina, para las variables de la deshumanización como acto de violencia. Aplicamos sus postulados teóricos, como forma de interpretación de las decisiones sobre el otro, que deja de ser un semejante, es decir, una persona, pasando a un estado de reificación. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:THE STATUS AND FUNCTION OF DIVINE SIMPLENESS IN SUMMA THEOLOGIAE Ia, qq. 2-13 PETER BURNS, S.J. l esuit School of Theology Berkeley, California Introduction I N THE FIRST PART of what follows I hope to do four things: a) to give a brief summary of Aquinas's remarks contained in the third question of the first part of the Summa Theologiae, entitled de Dei simplicitate; b) to outline two diferent (...) ways of interpreting what Aquinas is about when making those remarks; c) to assess which interpretation is better from an exegetical standpoint; d) to assess which interpretation is better from a philosophical standpoint. In the second part my aim will be threefold : a) to trace the way Aquinas derives and uses the concept of divine simpleness in questions 2 through 11 ; b) to examine briefly the relationship between this concept and possible cosmological arguments for the existence of God; and c) to evaluate critically some modern treatments of arguments of the cosmological type in the light of this relationship. I shall not be concerned to show that Aquinas's conclusions in question 2 (the Five Ways) are justified by the arguments he adduces; rather, my concern will be to show that an adequate evaluation of his arguments cannot ignore the function of divine simpleness as a key element therein. I. The Status Of Divinle Simpleness (1) A Summary of S.T. la, 3 At the beginning of question 3 Aquinas lists eight points of inquiry. The first is whether God is a body, that is, composed 1 2 PETER BURNS, S.J. of extended parts. He offers three reasons why he thinks the reply must be negative. Firstly, an unchanging first cause of change, which God is (by la, 2, 3) would appear not to be bodily, since experience offers no examples of bodies causing change without themselves changing. Secondly, to be extended in space implies the potentiality of being divisible, but a primary reality is utterly actual, since absolutely speaking, actuality precedes po~ tentiality, and God is the primary reality. Thirdly, since the soul is nobler than inanimate things, and God is the most excellent of beings, God cannot be any less noble than the soul. But the soul in itself is not bodily but that in virtue of which bodies are what they are. In the next article Aquinas denies that God is composed of matter and form because matter is potential and only exists by participating in some form. In addition, since agents act in virtue of their form, God, as the prime source of activity and being in no way potential, must be considered as being essentially form without composition with matter, Aquinas then asks whether God can be identified with his own essence or nature. Given that matter is the individuating factor in beings composed of matter and form, and that such composition is ruled out in case of God, Aquinas claims that the distinctness of his being must be due to form. Hence God is his own form or nature or essence. In a crucial move in the next article Aquinas identifies God, who is his essence, with his existence, for as an uncaused necessary reality this essence must be self-subsistent. Thus God's nature or essence is necessarily self-instantiating, nor does God participate in existence, but essentially is identical with (the act of) 'existing', Therefore the distinction between essence and existence, between what something is and that it is, does not hold for God. Having daimed that God is his own existence, Aquinas argues that this existence is prior to genus in general and to the genus of substance specifically. So there is no possibility of distinguishing in God genus and difference, nor can God receive predicates as a substance, since this would imply potentiality. Therefore God is DIVINE SIMPLENESS IN SUMMA THEOLOGIAE 3 not composed of substance and accidents. In article 7, Aquinas claims that God is altogether simple. After summing up the previous remarks he makes two general points. Everything composite is subsequent to and dependent on its components, whereas God is the first, uncaused necessary being. Secondly, everything composite is caused, for essentially diverse elements must... (shrink)

Mené entre septembre 2019 et janvier 2020 par les designers Jürg Lehni et Douglas Edric Stanley au sein du Master Media Design de la Haute École d’Art & Design de Genève (HEAD – Genève), le workshop « Thinking Machines » prend comme point de départ l’automatisation des métiers de la création et le fantasme de machines « pensantes ». Ce projet examine, avec un brin d’ironie, un avenir où les designers seraient en mesure de cultiver les IA et de s’extraire (...) des fantasmes technologiques. En quoi le design pourrait-il contribuer à une critique de la culture dominante de l’IA? Comment inventer, par les pratiques de design, des alternatives soutenables? (shrink)

L’intelligence artificielle est partout, l’air de rien, pour mieux nous contrôler et nous orienter en douceur. Faut-il se rebeller contre cet état de fait, qui s’impose à nos modes de vie sans la moindre délibération démocratique? Est-il encore possible ou même souhaitable de jeter ces IA invisibles, voire indiscernables, à la poubelle du numérique? Ne faudrait-il pas, avant de clamer l’urgence du « danger » qui vient, oser les connaître? L’enjeu est de construire une culture critique de l’IA, qui associerait (...) artistes, écrivains, chercheurs, ingénieurs, mathématiciens, logiciens, penseurs, philosophes, artisans et bien sûr citoyens dans une même dynamique de réflexion. (shrink)

The goal of the present article is to give an answer on the question: Does the first quaestio of the Prima Pars of Aquinas Summa theologiae represents a key for the general insight into the fundamental doctrines, the structure and the method of the most famous work of St. Thomas? Thomists like James Weisheipl answered in the negative to this question. But this paper intents to show by an careful analysis of Sth Ia, q. 1, that this treatise about the (...) necessity, the nature and the method of sacra doctrina is strictly dovetailed with the complete Summa. In a figurative way its possible to speak about this quaestio as a portal of the «cathedral» of the Summa, from which one can survey the complete ensemble of architectonic motifs building this cathedral. (shrink)

I investigate Bocheński's first-order logic formalization of the argument for the incorruptibility of the human soul given by Aquinas in Summa Theologiae (Ia,75,6). I suggest a slightly different axiomatization that reflect better Aquinas' informal argument. Along the way, I also fix a mistake in Bocheński's derivation that the human soul is not corruptible per se.